Fibroids are one of the most common health conditions affecting women of reproductive age, yet many women do not fully understand what they are, how they develop, or the impact they can have on daily life. Learning the facts about fibroids helps women make informed choices about their health, treatment, and overall wellbeing.
What Are Fibroids?
Fibroids are noncancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. They are made up of muscle and fibrous tissue, and can vary greatly in size. Some are so small they go unnoticed, while others can grow large enough to distort the shape of the uterus.
Types of Fibroids
Fibroids are classified based on where they grow:
- Intramural fibroids grow within the wall of the uterus.
- Submucosal fibroids grow into the inner lining of the uterus.
- Subserosal fibroids grow on the outer surface of the uterus.
- Pedunculated fibroids grow on a stalk-like structure attached to the uterus.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of fibroids is not fully understood, but hormones play a major role. Estrogen and progesterone, the hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle, can stimulate fibroid growth. Risk factors include:
- Being of reproductive age
- Family history of fibroids
- Early onset of menstruation
- Obesity
- African heritage, as studies show a higher prevalence in Black women
Common Symptoms
Many women with fibroids may not experience symptoms, but when symptoms occur, they can include:
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder
- Constipation
- Lower back pain
- Difficulty with fertility or pregnancy complications
Possible Complications
While fibroids are not cancerous, they can affect a woman’s quality of life. Severe blood loss may lead to anemia. Large fibroids can cause reproductive challenges, such as difficulty conceiving or complications during pregnancy.
Diagnosis
Fibroids are usually detected during routine pelvic examinations. Imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI can help confirm their size and location.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the size of the fibroids, the severity of symptoms, and whether a woman wishes to have children in the future. Options include:
- Medications to control symptoms such as heavy bleeding and pain
- Hormonal treatments to shrink fibroids temporarily
- Non-invasive procedures like MRI-guided focused ultrasound
- Minimally invasive surgery such as laparoscopy or hysteroscopic removal
- Traditional surgery, including myomectomy (removal of fibroids) or hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) in severe cases
Lifestyle and Self-Care
While fibroids cannot always be prevented, maintaining a healthy lifestyle may help lower the risk or ease symptoms. Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, maintaining a healthy weight, and regular physical activity can support reproductive health.
Final Thought
Fibroids are a common part of many women’s health journeys, but they do not have to define life quality. Recognizing the signs early, seeking medical advice, and exploring treatment options empowers women to take control of their reproductive health. Every woman should feel confident in discussing fibroids openly with her healthcare provider and making choices that best suit her body and her goals.
