Diabetes is one of the fastest-rising health concerns worldwide, including in Nigeria. It occurs when the body cannot produce enough insulin or use it effectively, causing blood sugar levels to become too high. Left undetected, diabetes can damage the heart, kidneys, eyes, nerves, and many other parts of the body. The earlier it is detected, the easier it is to manage and prevent complications. Recognizing the warning signs early can save lives.
1. Frequent Urination
One of the most common early signs of diabetes is the need to urinate more often, especially at night. High blood sugar causes the kidneys to work harder to remove excess glucose from the blood, leading to increased urine production.
2. Excessive Thirst
Frequent urination causes the body to lose a lot of fluid, which triggers constant thirst. This cycle of dehydration and increased drinking is a classic symptom of diabetes.
3. Unexplained Weight Loss
Even if you are eating normally or more than usual, you may still lose weight if you have diabetes. Without enough insulin, the body cannot properly use glucose for energy, so it starts breaking down fat and muscle instead.
4. Increased Hunger
High blood sugar can make your body’s cells starve for energy because glucose cannot enter them without enough insulin. This leads to intense and frequent hunger, even after meals.
5. Fatigue and Weakness
When the body cannot use glucose efficiently, it lacks the fuel it needs. This can cause persistent tiredness, low energy, and difficulty focusing.
6. Blurred Vision
High blood sugar draws fluid from the lenses of the eyes, affecting their ability to focus. If left untreated, diabetes can also damage the blood vessels in the retina, leading to diabetic retinopathy.
7. Slow-Healing Wounds and Frequent Infections
Diabetes can affect circulation and weaken the immune system, making it harder for wounds to heal. It also increases the risk of infections, especially in the skin, gums, urinary tract, and genital area.
8. Numbness or Tingling in Hands and Feet
High blood sugar can damage the nerves over time, a condition known as diabetic neuropathy. This often starts with tingling, burning, or numbness in the hands, feet, or legs.
9. Darkened Skin Patches
Some people develop dark, velvety patches of skin in body folds such as the neck, armpits, or groin. This condition, called acanthosis nigricans, can be a sign of insulin resistance.
10. Recurrent Gum Disease and Dental Problems
Diabetes can weaken the body’s ability to fight bacteria, leading to gum infections, bad breath, loose teeth, and other dental issues.
When to See a Doctor
If you notice one or more of these warning signs, it is important to see a healthcare professional as soon as possible. A simple blood test can confirm whether you have diabetes or are at risk. Early diagnosis allows for better blood sugar control, preventing serious complications like heart disease, kidney failure, nerve damage, and vision loss.
Key Takeaway
Diabetes often develops silently, and many people do not realize they have it until complications arise. Being aware of the early warning signs and acting quickly can make all the difference. Healthy eating, regular physical activity, and routine medical check-ups are important steps in protecting yourself.
